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2021/2022 JAMB CBT Biology / Bio Syllabus – – – check here

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.g. malaria, meningitis, drancunculiasis, schistosomiasis, onchocerciasis, typhoid fever and cholera etc.
ii. relate the biology of the vector or agent of each disease with its spread and control.

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Candidates should be able to:
i. use the knowledge of the causative organisms, mode of transmission and symptoms of the listed diseases to their prevention/treatment/control.
ii. apply the principles of inoculation and vaccination on disease prevention.

b. Pollution and its control
i sources, types, effects and methods of control.

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. categorize pollution into air, water and soil pollution.
ii. relate the effects of common pollutants to human health and environment degradation.
iii. determine the methods by which each pollutant may be controlled.

(ii) Sanitation and sewage

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. examine the importance of sanitation with emphasis on sewage disposal, community health and personal hygiene
ii assess the roles and functions of international and national health agencies (e.g.World Health Organization (WHO), United Nations International Children Emergency Fund(UNICEF), International Red Cross Society (IRCS), and the ministries of health and environment.
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(c) Conservation of Natural Resources

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
(i) apply the various methods of conservation of both the renewable and non-renewable natural resources for the protection of our environment for present and future generations.
(ii) outline the benefits of conserving natural resources.
(iii) identify the bodies responsible for the conservation of resources at the national and international levels (e.g. Nigerian Conservation Foundation ” (NCF), Federal
Ministry of Environment, Nigeria National Parks, World Wildlife Foundation (WWF), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN),UnitedNations Environmental Programme (UNEP) and their activities.
(iv) asses their activities.

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D: VARIATION
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
(I) Variation In Population
a. Morphological variations in the physical appearance of individuals.
(i) size (height, weight)
(ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers.
(iii) Fingerprints

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. differentiate between continuous and discontinuous variations with examples.
ii. relate the role of environmental conditions, habitat and the genetic constitution to variation.

Candidates should be able to:
i) measure heights and weight pupils of the same age group;
ii) plot graphs of frequency distribution of the heights and weights.

Candidates should be able to:
i) observe and record various colour patterns in some plants and mammals.

Candidates should be able to:
i) apply classification of fingerprints in identity detection

b. Physiological variation
(i) Ability to roll tongue
(ii) Ability to taste phenylthicarbamide (PTC)
(iii) Blood group

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i) identify some specific examples of physiological variation among human population.
ii) categorise people according to their physiology variation.

c. Application of discontinuous variation in crime detection, blood transfusion and determination of paternity.

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OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i) apply the knowledge of blood groups in blood transfusion and determination of paternity.
ii) use discontinuous variation in crime detection

TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
2. Heredity
a) Inheritance of characters in organisms;
i) Heritable and non-heritable characters.
b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity;
(i) Structure
(ii) Process of transmission of heredity characters from parents to offspring.
c) Probability in genetics and sex determination.
a) Application of principles of heredity in:
i) Agriculture
ii) Medicine
b. Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness, haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. determine heritable and non-heritable characters with examples.
Candidates should be able to:
i. illustrate simple structure of DNA
Candidates should be able to:
i. illustrate segregation of genes at meiosis and recombination of genes at fertilization to account for the process of transmission of characters from parents to offsprings.
Candidates should be able to:
i) deduce that segregation of genes occurs during gamete formation and that recombination of genes at fertilization is random in nature.
Candidates should be able to:
i. analyze data on cross-breeding experiments.
ii. apply the principles of heredity in the production of new varieties of crops and livestock through cross-breeding.
iii. deduce advantages and dis-advantages of out-breeding and in-breeding.
iv. analyze elementarily the contentious issues of genetically modifiedorganisms (GMO) and gene therapy. Candidates should be able to:
i) apply the knowledge of heredity in marriage counseling with particular reference to blood grouping, sickle-cell anaemia and the Rhesus factors.
ii) examine the significance of using recombinant DNA materials in the production of important medical products such as isulin, interferon and enzymes.
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Candidates should be able to:
i) identify characters that are sex linked

E: EVOLUTION
TOPICS/CONTENTS/NOTES
1.) Adaptation for survival:
a) Factors that bring about competition.
b) Intra and inter-specific competition
c) Relationship between competition a succession.

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i) relate increase in population, diseases, shortage of food and space with intra-and inter-specific competition.
Candidates should be able to:
i) determine niche differentiation as a means of reducing intra-specific competition.
Candidates should be able to:
i) relate competition to succession.

2) Structural adaptations in organisms

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to account for adaptation in organisms with respect to the following:
i. obtaining food (beaks and legs of birds; mouthparts of insects, especially mosquito, butterfly and moth.)
ii. protection and defence (stick insects, praying mantis and toad.
iii. securing mates (redhead male and female Agama lizards, display of feathers by birds.
iv. regulating body temperature (skin, feathers and hairs).
v. conserving water (spines in plants and scales in mammals).

3) Adaptive colouration and its functions

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OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. categorize countershading in fish, toads and snakes and warning colouration in mushrooms.

4) Behavioural adaptations in social animals

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i.) differentiate various castes in social insects like termites and their functions in their colony/hive.
ii.) account for basking in lizards, territorial behaviour of other animals under unfavourable conditions (hibernation and aestivation)

5. Theories of evolution
i) Lamarck’s theory
ii) Darwin’s theory

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i.) relate organic evolution as the sum total of all adaptive changes that have taken place over a long period of time resulting in the diversity of forms, structure and functions among organisms.
ii.) examine the contributions of Lamarck and Darwin to the theory of evolution.

6. Evidence of evolution

OBJECTIVES
Candidates should be able to:
i. provide evidences for evolution such as fossil records, comparative anatomy, physiology and embryology
ii. trace evolutionary trends in plants and animals.
iii. provide evidence for modern evolutionary theories such as genetic studies and the role of mutation.

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RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Ambuna A. Egunyomi A. and Osakwe J. (1990) Comprehensive certificate Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: University Press Limited
Egunyomi A. Bob – Manuel, Abdullahi B.A. and Oyetola O.A. (1988) Exam Focus: Biology For WASSCE and JME 2nd Edition, University Press Limited
MacQueen J. AND Murray J. (1978) Success in Biology, Benin: John Murray
Ndu, F.O. C Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology: Books 1 -3 Lagos: Longman
Odunfa, S. A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann
Oguriiyi M.B; Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools Books 1 – 3, Macmillan
Ramalingam, S.T. (2005) Modern Biology, SS Science Series New Edition, AFP
Roberts A.B.U. (1993) Functional Approach in Biology
Sorojini T.L. Sheila P and Charles T.P. (2000) Modern Biology for Secondary Schools, Revised Edition, FEP
Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann
Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools, Longman
Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited
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